AGR 301 :: Lecture 07 :: FIELDPEA Pisum sativum

    • Matar in Hindi
    • Third important cool season crop next to chickpea and French bean
    • Cultivated in about 6.51 million ha world wide with 10.95 million t annually
    • Distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, N.America,  & Auastralia
    • Usually cultivated for dry pods and variety of snacks

    pisum-sativum

World area production and productivity of Fieldpea


Country

Million ha

Million t

T / ha

Europe

3.28

6.77

2.06

France

0.53

2.57

4.84

Russian Federation

1.18

1.00

0.85

Asia

1.58

1.87

1.19

China

0.70

1.15

1.64

India

0.62

0.56

0.91

N C America

0.72

1.40

1.96

Canada

0.63

1.26

2.00

Australia

0.31

0.38

1.24

South America

0.12

0.10

0.82

World

6.52

10.95

1.68

Indian scene of Fieldpea


State

Million ha

Million t

T / ha

UP

0.41

0.54

1.32

MP

0.19

0.08

0.41

Assam

0.03

0.02

0.61

Rajasthan

0.01

0.02

2.19

All India

0.73

0.72

0.95
  • Origin
    • Mediterranean region of Europe & West Asia
    • Before 3000 BC
  • Plant
    • There are two varieties
      • Gardenpea : P. sativum var. hortense
      • Filedpea : P. sativum var. arvense
    • Annual herbaceous well developed tap root system plant
  • Plant - gardenpea
    • Flowers auxiliary, long peduncle, raceme with 1-2 flowers
    • Pods are variable length and breadth, curved/ straight
  • Plant - Fieldpea
    • Flowers are purple or lavender colored
    • Short peduncle
    • Seeds smaller than garden pea, angular
  • Varieties
    • Rachna, Pant Marter 5, HUP 2, DMR 11
    • Crop duration 110-140days
    • Seed weighs 160 – 240mg
  • Soil
    • All types of soil
    • Poor to fertile
    • Well drained soil is more suitable since sensitive to salinity and alkalinity
  • Field preparation
    • On heavy soils rough seed bed is suitable
    • Medium tillage is sufficient
  • Seed treatment
    • For seed borne pests and diseases
    • Rhizobium for nodulation
  • Season
    • NW Plains – end of October
    • NE Plains – Second fortnight of November
      • Soil moisture availability decides the time
      • Delay in sowing end with terminal drought
  • Seed rate
    • Depends up on the size of the seeds & spacing
    • 50-60 kg for small seeded and 80-90 kg for bold seeded
  • Method of sowing
    • Broadcasting and planking
    • Drilling manually
    • Seed drill sowing
  • Depth of sowing
    • Since all cool season pulses are hypogeal can be planted deep depending on the moisture
  • Nutrient Management

Ecosystem

Planting time

N

P2O5

K2O

S

Rainfed

Normal

20

40

0

20

Irrigated

Normal

40

40

20

20

 

Late

40

40

20

20
  • Crops are sown in residual soil moisture
  • They may face terminal drought
  • One or two supplemental irrigation is needed
  • May be moisture conservation practices
  • Weed management
  • All methods to be employed
  • Herbicides can also be as per kharif pulses
  • Cropping systems
  • Cereal – legume is always good
  • They also under mixed community with winter cereals like wheat and barley
  • Harvest
  • Over ripening leads to great loss of yield
  • Staggered harvesting is one way
  • Cut entire plant and carry with moisture & then dry and thrash, clean
  • Store the seeds at 8-10% moisture

Multiple choice questions

  1. Pea is commonly known as ___________
    a. Arhar                        b. Channa                c. Matar
  2. Centre of origin of pea is ___________
    a. Mediterranean         b.America               c. W.bengal
  3. The inflorescence of pea is called __________
    a. Ear                           b. panicle                  c. Axilary raceme
  4. The recommended seed rate for pea is _____kg/ha
    a. 60-80       b. 75-100     c.40-50
  5. Pea crop needs ________
    a. Cold & dry climate  b. Hot & humid              c. dry & hot
  6. Pea should be treated  with rhizobium inoculation of  ________
    a. R. Japonicum             b. R. leguminosarum  c. R. glycine  
  7. How much seed of  Pea should be treated with one packet of rhizobium culture
    a. 5 kg                            b. 10 kg                        c. 15 kg
  8. What is the ideal temperature for germination for pea
    a. 15-200c                           b. 22-250c                     c. 25-300c
  9. Maximum area under pea cultivation in India is in
    a. M.P                                 b. U.P                           c. Bihar
  10. Higher yield of pea could be achieved by
    a. Use of higher dose of phosphate
    b. Adequate amount of N
    c. No nitrogen application  
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